ABSTRACT
Background: The evidence on level of vitamin D in trauma patients is scarce in the developing countries
Objective: To determine the levels of vitamin D in trauma patients above 18 years of age
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted on patients admitted in the Orthopedic department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College /Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, patients included in this study were 340. The duration of study was 21st July to 16th March 2016. Vitamin D level were measured by using vitamin D kits [Roche]. Patients less than 18 years were not included in the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16
Results: A total of 340 patients admitted in orthopedic department were included in this study. Overall 92.6% patients have deficient or insufficient level of vitamin D. Most of the patients [68.8%] were less than 45 years of age. Majority of the patients were male [71.8%]. Most of the patients [72.4%] were not smokers. Majority belonged to rural areas [56%], and have no history of steroid intake
Conclusion: This study confirmed that majority of the trauma patients were vitamin D deficient or insufficient. This highlights that trauma surgeons should consider vitamin D in the armamentarium of orthopaedic treatment
ABSTRACT
Background: Trauma is the most common cause of fractures and majority of these fractures involve the foot. So the early coverage is mandatory to prevent the complications, it is challenging to the orthopaedic, plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Sural artery reversible flap is one of the options
Objective: To determine the outcome of sural artery flap for wound coverage around ankle
Methodology: A total of 24 patients were included in this interventional study. All the patients having wound around the ankle due to any cause and of either sex presenting in emergency department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1st June 2014 to 30th April 2016 were included in this study. Outcome was measured as "Good", "Fair" and "Poor". The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16
Results: In this study 24 patient were operated, 41.66% were children and 54% were male. In 50% heel region was involved and in 25% melleolar region and 12.5% dorsum of foot and in 12.5% above ankle joint. Outcome noted was "Good" 83.3% "Fair" 8.3% and "Poor" 8.3%
Conclusion: Sural artery flap for the coverage around ankle is simple, safe and can be performed by orthopedic surgeon at any center without the requirement of special instrumentation and special test, with good outcome
ABSTRACT
Pregnancy in pulmonary hypertension [PH] is known to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The physiological changes occur during normal pregnancy, such as increase blood volume and cardiac output [CO] may be detrimental in PH patients. Several practice guidelines advise against pregnancy and even recommend termination of pregnancy. Occasionally PH may be diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy, as stress of pregnancy can unmask previously undiagnosed PH in an asymptomatic individual. This narrative review provides a detailed discussion about the physiologic parameters associated in pregnancy and their negative effect on the right ventricle. It also gives practical evidence-based recommendations about different management issues in PH pregnant patients
ABSTRACT
Around the world, the right to health and especially reproductive health right are far from a reality for many women. Reproductive health is of growing concern today. Reproductive health therefore implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sexual life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how after to do so. Reproduction is a dual commitment but so after in much of the world, it is seen as wholly the women's responsibility. There are four major problems commonly encountered by women in family planning and contraceptive use: accessibility to family planning information and services, quality of services, gender responsibilities and spousal communication. These problems become major obstacles preventing women from regularity fertility or exercising the reproductive rights. The importance of good health and education to women's well being and that of her family and society cannot be overstated. Spousal Communication is crucial step toward increasing women's participation in improving their health rights. Therefore the study was conducted to investigate the perception of married women about the role of spousal communication in establishing reproductive health security. For this purpose 200 married women of age group 15-45 with having at least one living child were selected through multistage sampling technique from urban areas of district Faisalabad. The study explored in bi-variate analysis that those women who were educated, younger and had a high economic status had a perception that the spousal communication plays a significant role in the development of women's attitude towards their reproductive health security
Subject(s)
Humans , Women , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Spouses , Marriage , Family Planning Services , Contraception , Decision MakingABSTRACT
Barium has important role in the field of medical sciences, but it has been found in various studies that barium can cause numerous toxic effects. Studies have proven the strong affinity of the metalloelements for the sulfhydryl group [SH], present in reduced glutathione [GSH] and other biological molecules. In this context, the study about the possible interaction of BaCl[2] with glutathione in whole blood components was of interest, as an indication about the extent of barium toxicity and the role of glutathione in the conjugation and detoxification of the metalloelement barium. The concentration dependent and time dependent effect of BaCl[2] on the level of GSH in plasma and Cytosolic Fraction in whole blood was investigated, following Ellman's method. It was found that BaCl[2] causes a decrease in the GSH level, which is more pronounced with increasing concentration of BaCl[2] and with time incubation as well. The observed effect GSH concentration may be presumably due to production of oxidized glutathione [GSSG] or then due to Barium-Glutathione [GS-Ba-SG] conjugate formation
ABSTRACT
To observe the effects of early removal of chest tube drain after video assisted thoracoscopic [VATS] lung biopsy. We prospectively evaluated the removal of chest tube drain at six hours or 24 hours after the VATS-lung biopsy in fifty consecutive patients with no evidence of air leak after the lung biopsy. Our results show that removal of chest tube drain at 6 hours was not associated with complications such pneumothorax, atelectasis or pleural effusion as compared to the 24 hours removal of the drain[p>0.05]. Early removal of chest tube drain is safe in patients where air leak has been documented to be absent. Since it was a non-randomized evaluation, further randomized study in our population is needed to confirm these findings
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of kanamycin (kan) and ampicillin (amp) resistant bacteria in public drinking water.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bacteria containing kan and amp resistant genes were amplified by PCR and further characterized by colony hybridization and transformation studies. The genus of kan and amp resistant bacteria was determined with standard methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 625 drinking water samples, 400 contained kan and amp resistant bacteria and the percentage was 42.5% and 57.5%, respectively, which was further confirmed by the amplification of a 810 bp kan resistant gene and a 850 bp amp resistant gene. Of the 170 kan resistant bacteria, 90 were Gram negative and 80 were Gram positive. Of the 230 amp resistant bacteria, 160 were Gram negative while 70 were Gram positive. Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and E.coli were detected as 13%, 11%, 17%, 30%, and 29%, respectively. Bacterial strain DH5alpha transformed with plasmids isolated from kan and amp resistant bacteria confirmed that the antibiotic resistant genes were mediated by plasmids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Drinking water is contaminated with kan and amp resistant bacteria due to poor sanitary conditions.</p>
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Bacteria , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Pakistan , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Water Microbiology , Reference Standards , Water Supply , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Epidemioiogical studies were undertaken at slaughter-houses, livestock farms, veterinary hospitals and on household buffaloes under climatic conditions of four different districts of Punjab province. Infection rate was 22.29, 28.33, 17.08 and 12,75%, respectively in slaughter-house buffaloes, livestock farm buffaloes, veterinary hospital buffaloes and household buffaloes. Overall the season wise the highest prevalence [28.33%] was recorded in buffaloes at livestock farms followed by slaughtered [22.29%] and veterinary hospital buffaloes [17.08%]. While the lowest [12.75%] prevalence was recorded in household buffaloes during spring. It was also observed that the higher infection rate was recorded in younger buffaloes [below two years of age] than older [above two years of age] where as sex wise the prevalence indicated that male buffaloes were more commonly affected than females. Snails belonging to genera Bulinus, Lymnaea and Planorbis were also observed which are responsible for the transmission of paramphistomiasis
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to assess the feasibility of Stapled haemorrhoidectomy. This included 45 patients of which twenty nine were males and sixteen females. Age ranged from 23 to 84 years. The severity of the disease ranged from 3rd to 4th degree haemorrhoids. Place of study was Sir Ganga Ram, Masood and Wishaw Hospital Scotland. Period of study was two years from October 2002 to October 2004
ABSTRACT
Motor and sensory nevre conduction velocities in the upper and lower limbs were evaluated in 30 patients of type I [insulin-dependent] diabetes mellitus and 15 age matched non-diabetic controls having no symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1C] levels were estimated to assess the glycaemic control in diabetic patients. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were very highly significantly [P< 0.001] reduced in diabetic patients as compared to those in non-diabetic controls. A significant inverse correlation [P< 0.05] between duration of the disease and motor nerve conduction velocity of median nerve was demonstrated. There was also a significant inverse correlation [P< 0.05] between motor and sensory conduction velocities and fasting blood glucose level. This suggests a metabolic basis for the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropthy. Subclincal peripheral neuropathy was present in 36.67% of insulin-dependent diabetics
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology , Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis , Blood Glucose/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin/bloodABSTRACT
Non-Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus [NIDDM] is a major metabolic disorder. Insulin resistance is the primary abnormality predisposing to NIDDM. Genetic factors as well as environmental agents cause NIDDM in man. Hyperglycemia leads to development of complications. Present study was aimed to investigate NIDDM from a population perspective as a risk factor for development of complications. The study was conducted on 48 subjects. They were NIDDM patients and non-diabetic relative of type-II diabetics. Clinical symptoms, complications and blood glucose levels were recorded. Fifteen percent [15%] of NIDDM patients did not have a positive family history of diabetes. On diet control alone presented with more complications. There was statistically highly significant difference [p<0.01] in age of onset and total duration of diabetes between patients on oral hypoglycemics and on diet control. Body Mass Index [BMI] was higher in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics [p< 0.01]. Complete physical examination and routine glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1C] should be carried out on regular basis to avoid development of complications
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Blood Glucose/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin/bloodABSTRACT
The definition of optimum growth in children in developing countries is still the most debated problem due to its complexity and diverse character of population with regards to region, socioeconomic status and heredity. The effectiveness of programmes aimed at improving nutrition can best be obtained by objective and periodic assessment of the nutritional status of representative communities. The study was conducted on 295 children aged 4-10 years belonging to low and middle socioeconomic status by a cross-sectional study design. The height, weight percentiles and Z scores were calculated and compared with National Centre for Health Statistics [NCHS] of American standards. The results showed that the mean weight and height [50th percentile] of children of both sexes lies below the 5th percentile of American standards. Weight for age and height for age showed more definite difference from American standard. We concluded that body size reflects the general housing standard and racial and socioeconomic influences on growth pattern must be taken into account in the interpretation of anthropometric data
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Growth , Child DevelopmentABSTRACT
Glycosylated haemoglobin HbA[1c] and fasting blood glucose levels were estimated in 30 insulin dependent [type 1] and 30 non-insulin dependent [type 2] diabetics to find out correlation between these two glycaemic parameters. A positive correlation was found between HbA[1c] and fasting blood glucose levels. This correlation was, highly significant [P<0.01] in insulin dependent diabetics and very highly significant [P<0.001] in non insulin dependent diabetics
Subject(s)
Humans , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/bloodABSTRACT
Ten cases of malignant mesothelioma were diagnosed and treated at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre over a ten year period from 1977 to 1987. Seven of these cases were referred from the Southern Province and were clustered in the Al-Baha and Najran districts. In only one case [a plumber from Taif] was there the likelihood of occupation exposure. None of the patients had interstitial changes or pleura plaques on chest x-ray. Epidemiological studies are warranted to establish the etiology of mesothelioma in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia